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Psychiatrists treat mental disorders and problems such as depressive episodes, schizophrenia, mania, social anxiety and generalized anxiety disorders. In Canada, a career path in psychiatry requires specialized training and 12 years of higher education.

Facts and Figures

Some 4,400 licensed professionals work in Canada in clinics, mental health facilities, and private practices. Close to 60 percent of professionals are male, and some 27 percent of psychiatrists have degrees from universities in Britain, India, and other countries. Provinces such as British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador have the highest number of licensed professionals. Provinces with the lowest number include Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

Education and Training

Different Canadian universities offer programs in psychiatry, for example, the University of British Columbia, Dalhousie University, University of Western Ontario, University of Toronto. Universities offer a number of different programs such as child and adolescent, addiction, general and emergency, forensic, cross-cultural, and consultation-liaison psychiatry. Programs in forensic psychiatry, for example, include different electives and core courses such as violence risk assessment, civil psychiatry, adolescent, child, and correctional psychiatry. Students are offered case discussions, mock trials, seminars, classes, academic half-days, and more. Students enrolled in geriatric psychiatry programs choose from a number of courses, including neuroimaging, palliative care, emergency medicine, neuropsychology, geriatric medicine.

Tuition fees vary by program and university and are different for part-time, full-time, and continuing students. Other fees include on leave and extension tuition fees. There are different options to finance a degree in psychiatry, including working part-time, student loans, parents paying college tuition.

Requirements, Licensing, and Exams

The requirements vary from one province to another given that registration authorities in Canada have different requirements and rules. Graduates holding degrees from Canadian, U.S., and British universities are issued licenses. In general, there are three exams to have a license issued, the Royalty College of Physicians exam, MCCQE (Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination, and evaluation exam. The different registration authorities, however, require that graduates sit one or more (or all) exams to obtain a licence.

Roles and Responsibilities

In general, psychiatrists administer and prescribe medications and treatments, evaluate treatments, and treat and diagnose mental health disorders. Professionals also help prevent mental health disorders and alleviate the symptoms of mental conditions.

Career Paths

There is a host of opportunities for psychiatrists in Canada, among which geriatric, addiction, child, child and adolescent, and adult psychiatrist, social work officer, and many others. Child psychiatrists, for example, work with other healthcare professionals and specialists, school staff, agencies, families, and children. To support children and their families, they maintain contacts with pediatricians, medical societies, healthcare services agencies. Child pediatricians offer consultations and services to help treat children with mental problems. Addiction psychiatrists, on the other hand, work in substance abuse and mental health clinics and offer counseling to patients with different disorders such as impulse control disorders and addictions to food, sex, alcohol, etc. Other career options for medical professionals include behavioral therapist, mental health clinician, program consultant. There are plenty of career options and employment opportunities in light of the fact that medical professionals are in high demand in Canada.

Median Salary

The average salary of psychiatrists in Canada is about $176,800 CAD. Salaries vary based on experience, training, location, and specialty – see more about income. The median salary of child psychiatrists, for example, is about $264,500. The salary of experienced professionals is considerably higher and can reach $370,000 a year. Medical professionals who specialize in geriatric psychiatry get between $60,000 and $120,000, and the median salary is about $80,000.

In Canada, psychiatric research explores themes and topics such as mental health and stress-related disorders, causes for dysfunctional and maladaptive behaviors. Research falls in different categories, including clinical studies and trials, clinical research, and basic research.

A number of universities in Canada offer degrees in psychiatry and engage in research, including the University of Montreal, University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, University of Calgary.

Psychiatric Research and Main Focus Areas

The main focus areas are different for different academic institutions, research bodies, institutes, and organizations. Researchers in academic institutions such as the Dalhousie University, for example, work in areas such as intervention and early detection, brain imaging, metal health and emotions, personality and addictions, rehabilitation and cognitive health, and mood disorders. The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto works on different research projects such as psychosocial distress, chronic illness and self-management, eating disorders and relapse prevention, and bulimia nervosa treatment and rapid response. Other topics of interest include posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and psychotherapy for palliative and cancer patients. Researchers at the Department of Psychiatry to the University of Alberta also carry out research in a number of different areas and spheres. Focus areas include adolescent and child psychiatry, concurrent disorders, translational neuroscience, and neuro-imagining. Scholars and researchers also work in areas such as epidemiology, psychotherapy, neuropsychopharmacology, and neurochemistry, among others. Researchers at the Department of Psychiatry focus their efforts on investigating the effects of different neurobiological factors on mental disorders such as addiction, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia.

The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Manitoba has a multidisciplinary team of researchers with backgrounds and experience in psychology and psychiatry. Focus areas and themes include palliative care, social anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and adolescent and aboriginal suicidals. Staff and faculty regularly publish articles in journals such as the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, BMJ Open, Health Place. Articles investigate topics such as infant death and maternal mental health, female military members and psychological health, and generalized anxiety disorder and risk factors for military personnel.

The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Calgary has a psychotherapy resource library that includes research publications on depression and gender differences, coping with relationship loss, anxiety disorders and commitment and acceptance therapy, and plenty more.

Canadian Psychiatric Organizations

Organizations such as the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry and the Canadian Psychiatry Association offer access to a host of publications and research studies, including studies conducted at different departments and clinical trials. Studies, tools, and guidelines published on the website of the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry fall in different categories, including suicide, electroconvulsive therapy, mood disorders, delirium, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has an official journal, the “Indigo Journal” that features articles on a host of topics, including cognitive behavioral intervention, children’s mental health, children with ADHD and autism spectrum disorders, and many others.